Sitting that long likely means vacuum leaks somewhere that could be part of the stalling, particularly if it's got all of the emissions stuff on it still. Fuel pump diaphragm could be questionable in addition to a clogged filter and/or the crud in the tank/lines.
For vacuum leak identification, with the engine cold, start it up and let it idle while shooting short bursts of starter fluid around the carb and on the vacuum lines (you want to do this quickly before the exhaust/engine gets hot) to see if you hear it revving up. If it does, the spot you shot has a leak. You can also do this with an unlit propane torch, crack the valve open and wave/poke it around the same areas to see if you pick up RPM.
If it were me trying to keep it simple, I'd go straight to a Motorcraft 2100 carb swap and a HEI distributor and ditch most of the underhood wiring and vacuum/emissions stuff.
If it were me with my recent experience with the FAST EFI system on my 77 Cherokee, I'd get one of the FAST Jeep CJ kits and bolt that on with the HEI distributor. If you're going to be dealing with the gas tank and fuel lines already, just go ahead and go to fuel injection and be done. You'll have a reliable driver that starts on the first crank.
Welcome to the site and welcome to the sickness